Everything about Nicolas Desmarest totally explained
Nicolas Desmarest (
September 16,
1725 –
September 20,
1815) was a
French geologist.
Desmarest was born at Soulaines, in the department of
Aube. Of humble parentage, he was educated at the college of the Oratorians of
Troyes and
Paris. Taking full advantage of the instruction he received, he was able to support himself by teaching, and to continue his studies independently.
Buffon's
Theory of the Earth interested him, and in 1753 he successfully competed for a prize by writing an essay on the ancient connection between
England and France. This attracted much attention, and ultimately led to his being employed in studying and reporting on manufactures in different countries, and in 1788 to his appointment as inspector-general of the manufactures of France.
He utilized his journeys, travelling on foot, so as to add to his knowledge of the earths structure. In 1763 he made observations in
Auvergne, recognizing that the prismatic basalts were old
lava streams, comparing them with the columns of the
Giant's Causeway in
Ireland, and referring them to the operations of extinct
volcanoes. It was not, however, until 1774 that he published an essay on the subject, accompanied by a geological map, having meanwhile on several occasions revisited the district. He then pointed out the succession of volcanic outbursts and the changes the rocks had undergone through weathering and erosion. As remarked by Sir A. Geikie, the doctrine of the origin of valleys by the erosive action of the streams which flow through them was first clearly taught by Desmarest.
An enlarged and improved edition of his map of the volcanic region of Auvergne was published after his death, in 1823, by his son
Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest (1784-1838), who was distinguished as a
zoologist, and author of memoirs on recent and
fossil crustaceans. He died in Paris.
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